Arduino Distance Measurement Project using ultrasonic Sensor

Distance measurement Project

Arduino distance measurement project has the number of applications that require to measure distance between two moving or stationary objects like water level measurement, distance measurement etc.

Ultrasonic sensors like HC-SR04 are widely used to measure the distance without actual contact.

Components Used:

1. Arduino UNO
2. 16×2 LCD
3. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
4. Breadboard
5. Connecting wires

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04

Interfacing HC-SR04 to a microcontroller is very much easy. trig pin is used to trigger an ultrasonic sensor and then “listen” for the echo pulse. The sensor measures the time required for the echo return, and returns this to the microcontroller as a variable pulse width via the echo pin.

Key Features:

• Precise, non-contact distance measurements
• Range 2 cm to 4 m range
• work in any lighting condition
• Requires just two microcontroller I/O pin
• Power requirements: +5 VDC;

Timing Diagram

The module works on the natural phenomenon of ECHO of sound. A high pulse is sent for about 10us to trigger the module. After which the module sends 8 cycles of 40 KHz ultrasound signal through transmitter and checks its echo received at receiver. By using this time span triggering pulse and echo you can calculate the distance by using formula as

Distance = (time  x  Speed)/ 2

Where speed= 340m/s (speed of sound wave or ultrasonic signal)

Here we have divided the product of speed and time by 2 because the time is the total time it took to reach the obstacle and return back.

Circuit Diagram (Arduino Distance measurement Project)

In-circuit connection

Ultrasonic sensor module’s

1. “trigger” to A4of arduino
2. “echo” to A5of arduino
3. Vcc to 5V and
4. Gnd to Ground of Arduino

16×2 LCD connected in  4-bit mode as

1. RS – pin 2
2. En–pin 3
3. D4-D7 –pin 4- pin7
4. RW, LED-, Vss– GND and Vdd, LED+ –  5V

See also: Fritzing Software tool for Electronics Circuit design without Hardware

Code:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

#define trigger 18

#define echo 19

float time=0,distance=0;

LiquidCrystallcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);

void setup()

{

lcd.begin(16,2);

pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);

pinMode(echo,INPUT);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

delay(1000);

}

void loop()

{

lcd.clear();

digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);

distance=time*340/20000;

lcd.clear();

lcd.print(“Distance:”);

lcd.print(distance);

lcd.print(“cm”);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(“Distance:”);

lcd.print(distance/100);

lcd.print(“m”);

delay(1000);

}

Results:

 See also: Arduino Traffic Light Controller || IoT Project

Let us know what you think about Arduino distance measurement in the comment section below, if you have new ideas on distance measurement using ultrasonic sensor and Arduino, please let us know.

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